Advanced imaging of cultural heritage artefacts

Multiphoton imaging of historical parchment

Staff

Gaël Latour / Associate Professor, Paris-Saclay University
Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein / DR CNRS
Giulia Galante / PhD student

Internship project / Proposition de stage : Polarization-resolved Second Harmonic Gneration for the investigation of collagen degradation in parchments.

Topic

Multiphoton microscopy has revolutionized three-dimensional (3D) imaging of biological tissues by offering new modes of contrast even in unstained tissues. Since few years, some studies have shown the potential of this technique for non invasive analysis of cultural heritage artefacts. Two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) signals are emitted by a wide range of materials (fluorophores) in historical artifacts with specific absorption and emission fluorescence spectra. Second harmonic generation (SHG) signals are specific for dense and well aligned structures such as fibrillar collagen and cellulose.
SHG microscopy provides structural information on the 3D organization of the fibrillar collagen within parchments and other skin-based artefacts. In addition, SHG microscopy can be combined with polarimetry (analysis of the light polarization state) to measure the degree of alignment of fibrillar collagen on a sub-micrometer scale, which is closely related to the state of degradation of the parchments.
We recently applied this new methodology to the Mappa Mundi d’Albi, which is classified as “World memory” by Unesco and to historic 13th century parchment manuscripts belonging to the renowned collection at the Chartres Library.
Optical Coherence Tomography is another imaging technique with provides 3D images with a micrometer scale isotropic resolution. The signal collected is based on the spatial variation of refractive index (interfaces between layers, scattering particles). This technique allow the characterization of semi-transparent layers. It is well adapted to the image of varnish layers or glazes. Moreover, the device is transportable and in-situ analyses are possible.

Main publications

Noninvasive quantitative assessment of collagen degradation in parchments by polarization-resolved SHG microscopy, M Schmeltz, L Robinet, S Heu-Thao, JM Sintes, C Teulon, G Ducourthial, P Mahou, MC Schanne-Klein, G Latour, Science Advances 7, eabg1090 (2021) - 10.1126/sciadv.abg1090

In-place molecular preservation of cellulose in 5,000-yeat-old archaeological textiles, C. Reynaud, M. Thoury, A. Dazzi, G. Latour, M. Scheel, J. Li, A Thomas, C. Moulhérat, A. Didier, L. Bertrand, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 117, 19670-19676 (2020) - 10.1073/pnas.2004139117

Correlative nonlinear optical microscopy and infrared nanoscopy reveals collagen degradation in altered parchments, G. Latour, L. Robinet, A. Dazzi, F. Portier, A. Deniset-Besseau, and M.-C. Schanne-Klein, Sci. Rep. 6, 26344 (2016) - 10.1038/srep26344

In situ 3D characterization of historical coatings and wood using multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy, G. Latour, J.-P. Echard, M. Didier, M.-C. Schanne-Klein, Opt. Express 20, 24623 (2012) - https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.024623

Highlights / review articles

[French] Video Microscopie optique tridimensionnelle des matériaux anciens – La tomographie par cohérence optique (OCT) (2022)

[English] Press release A new non-invasive technique for parchment diagnosis (2021)

[French] Review La microscopie optique tridimensionnelle – De l'imagerie biomédicale à la caractérisation des objets du patrimoine (2019)

[French] Participation in the documentary "La Mappa mundi d'Albi, le monde d'hier" de Patrick Desenne (2017)

[French] Cartographier la dégradation des parchemins à l’échelle microscopique sans contact ni prélèvement, Actualités scientifiques de l’Université Paris-Sud et du CNRS (2016)

Main ongoing collaborations

- L. Robinet, S. Heu-Thao, M. Vilbert, S. Cersoy, CRC (CNRS, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Ministère de la Culture, Paris)
- A. Deniset-Besseau, A. Dazzi, J. Mathurin, ICP (CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay)
- L. Desvois (restauratrice du patrimoine, doctorante à Cergy Université)
- Institut National du Patrimoine (Aubervilliers)
- M. Thoury, IPANEMA (CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UVSQ, Synchrotron Soleil, Saint-Aubin)
- J. Ogien, Damae Medical